What is amantadine?
Amantadine is an antiviral and anti-Parkinson's disease drug that has attracted much attention in recent years for its use in a variety of diseases. This article will introduce in detail the pharmacological effects, indications, side effects and recent hot topics of amantadine.
1. Basic information about amantadine
Amantadine was originally developed as an anti-influenza virus drug and was later found to also have significant effects on Parkinson's disease. Here is its basic information:
| Drug name | Amantadine |
|---|---|
| English name | Amantadine |
| drug class | Antiviral drugs, anti-Parkinson’s disease drugs |
| Indications | Influenza A virus infection, Parkinson's disease, drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions |
| Common dosage forms | Tablets, capsules, oral liquid |
2. Pharmacological effects
The pharmacological effects of amantadine mainly include the following two aspects:
1.antiviral effect: Amantadine inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the M2 protein of influenza A virus, preventing virus uncoating.
2.Anti-Parkinson’s disease effect: Amantadine increases the concentration of dopamine in the brain and improves the symptoms of Parkinson's disease by promoting the release of dopamine and inhibiting its reuptake.
3. Indications, usage and dosage
| Indications | Usage and dosage |
|---|---|
| Influenza A virus infection | Adults: 100mg/time, 2 times/day, treatment course is 5-7 days |
| Parkinson's disease | Adults: Initial dose 100mg/day, gradually increase to 100-200mg/time, 2-3 times/day |
| Drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions | Adult: 100mg/time, 2 times/day |
4. Adverse reactions and precautions
Common adverse reactions to amantadine include:
| adverse reactions | incidence |
|---|---|
| Dizziness, drowsiness | common |
| Nausea, vomiting | common |
| insomnia, anxiety | More common |
| Lower limb edema | Rare |
Things to note:
1. Patients with renal insufficiency need to adjust the dose.
2. Patients with epilepsy should use with caution.
3. Pregnant and lactating women should use it under the guidance of a doctor.
5. Recent hot topics
1.Potential applications of amantadine in COVID-19: Although amantadine is effective against influenza viruses, there is currently no evidence that it is effective against SARS-CoV-2. Related research is still ongoing.
2.Amantadine shortage problem: Recently, some regions have reported tight supply of amantadine, which may be related to the shortage of raw materials.
3.Research on new amantadine derivatives: Scientists are developing a new generation of amantadine derivatives to improve their antiviral activity and reduce side effects.
6. Summary
Amantadine is a multifunctional drug mainly used to treat influenza A virus infection and Parkinson's disease. Despite its wide clinical application, patients should use it under the guidance of a doctor and pay attention to possible adverse reactions. Recent research on its potential application in COVID-19 and new derivatives is also worthy of attention.
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