How to draw peripheral blood
Peripheral blood drawing is a common clinical medical operation and is mainly used for blood testing, disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The following are detailed steps, precautions, and structured organization of related data regarding peripheral blood extraction.
1. Steps of Peripheral Blood Drawing
1.Preparation: Confirm the patient’s identity, check the examination items, and prepare blood collection equipment (such as blood collection needles, vacuum blood collection tubes, sterilized cotton swabs, etc.).
2.Choose puncture site: The antecubital vein (such as the median vein, cephalic vein or basilic vein) is usually selected, and the heel or finger tips can be selected for infants and young children.
3.disinfect: Use 75% alcohol or iodophor to disinfect the puncture site, with a diameter of about 5cm.
4.puncture blood collection: Tighten the skin, insert the needle at an angle of 15-30 degrees, fix the needle after blood returns, and connect the blood collection tube.
5.Needle removal and compression: After blood collection is completed, quickly pull out the needle and press the puncture point with a sterile cotton swab for 3-5 minutes.
2. Precautions for drawing peripheral blood
1.patient preparation: For items that require fasting, patients should be informed in advance to fast for 8-12 hours.
2.avoid hemolysis: Avoid forceful suction or vigorous shaking of the blood collection tube when collecting blood.
3.Special groups: People with coagulation dysfunction need to extend the compression time.
3. Frequently Asked Questions and Solutions for Peripheral Blood Drawing
| question | reason | solution |
|---|---|---|
| Puncture failed | Blood vessels that are too thin or improperly located | Reposition or change puncture site |
| Insufficient blood collection | Insufficient negative pressure in vacuum tube | Replace the blood collection tube or draw manually |
| local hematoma | Improper compression or abnormal coagulation | Extend the compression time and apply cold compress |
4. Clinical application data of peripheral blood extraction
| Test items | Blood collection tube type | Blood collection volume (ml) |
|---|---|---|
| Blood routine | EDTA anticoagulant tube (purple) | 2-3 |
| Biochemical testing | Procoagulant tube (red) | 3-5 |
| coagulation function | Sodium citrate anticoagulant tube (blue) | 1.8 (ratio 1:9) |
5. Contraindications of peripheral blood drawing
1.puncture site infection: The blood collection site needs to be changed.
2.severe coagulopathy: Should be operated under the guidance of a doctor.
3.Same side arm after breast cancer surgery: Avoid the risk of lymphedema.
6. Technology Development Trends
In recent years, the application of minimally invasive blood collection technology (such as laser blood collection) and portable blood sample analysis equipment has significantly improved the efficiency of peripheral blood collection and patient comfort. Research shows that the new vacuum blood collection system can reduce the hemolysis rate to less than 0.5% (traditional methods are about 2-3%).
Conclusion: Standardized peripheral blood drawing operation is the key to ensuring the accuracy of test results. Medical staff need to be proficient in technical points and flexibly adjust methods according to individual patient differences.
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